
Our Speakers
We are deeply grateful to our distinguished speakers for joining us in Florence — leading experts from academia, central banks, and international organisations whose pioneering research and practical insights are actively shaping the regulatory frameworks, technological foundations and policy directions of digital currencies in our rapidly evolving financial landscape.

Fabio Araujo
Banco Central do Brasil
Roundtable 2: Charting the Course
Online
Research Spotlight
Dr. Fabio Araujo is an economist at the Central Bank of Brazil focused on digital currency initiatives. His work includes research on developing and implementing CBDCs in emerging economies and their implications for financial inclusion. He is leading the Drex project.
Keywords: CBDC, Financial Inclusion, Emerging Markets, Central Banking

Douglas Arner
University of Hong Kong & EBI
Panel 1: Digital Legal Tender
Online
Research Spotlight
Professor Douglas Arner specialises in economic and financial law, regulation and development. His research focuses on the intersection of finance, technology and regulation, particularly in the context of digital currencies and emerging markets.
Keywords: FinTech, RegTech, Digital Finance, Financial Regulation

Rosa Giovanna Barresi
School of Economics and Management, University of Florence & BABEL
Panel 4: Global Regulatory Coordination (Chair)
Research Spotlight
Professor Rosa Giovanna Barresi is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Florence and a key researcher in the BABEL group. Her research focuses on digital assets, financial market infrastructure, international financial regulation, and cross-border banking supervision. She co-edited 'Digital Assets and the Law: Fiat Money in the Era of Digital Currency' for Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Law Series.
Keywords:Digital Assets, International Finance, Banking Regulation, Cross-border Coordination

Andreas Bielig
SGH Warsaw School of Economics
Panel 3: Balancing Innovation and Oversight
Research Spotlight
Professor Andreas Bielig is an expert in international economics and financial regulation at the SGH Warsaw School of Economics. His research examines regulatory approaches to financial innovation across different economic systems.
Keywords: International Economics, Financial Innovation, Regulatory Systems

Yuri Biondi
CNRS & PSL
Panel 3: Balancing Innovation and Oversight
Research Spotlight
Dr. Yuri Biondi is a senior tenured research fellow at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) focusing on accounting, economics and law. His work explores financial and economic implications of digital currencies from a systemic perspective.
Keywords: Accounting, Economics and Law, Digital Finance, Monetary Theory

Andrea Bracciali
University of Turin
Panel 2: Technological Challenges
Research Spotlight
Professor Andrea Bracciali specialises in blockchain technologies and formal verification of cryptographic protocols at the University of Turin. His research focuses on the technical and security aspects of distributed ledger technologies for digital currencies.
Keywords: Blockchain, Cryptography, Security, Formal Verification

Ross Buckley
UNSW & EBI
Panel 4: Global Regulatory Coordination
Research Spotlight
Scientia Professor Ross Buckley is an ARC Laureate Fellow at UNSW Sydney. He serves on the Payments System Board of the Reserve Bank of Australia and as the Chair of the Digital Finance Advisory Panel of Australia’s financial market conduct regulator. His research focuses on central bank digital currencies and the regulation of digital finance more generally.
Keywords: FinTech, RegTech, CBDC, International Coordination

Iris Chiu
University College London (UCL)
Opening Keynote
Online
Research Spotlight
Since 2016, Professor Iris Chiu has been a Corporate Law and Financial Regulation professor at UCL. As an academic member of the Centre for Ethics and Law, she promotes public and stakeholder engagement on issues related to the law and regulation of the banking, financial, and fintech sectors, the crypto economy, and broader business governance.
Keywords: Corporate Law, Financial Regulation, FinTech, Crypto Economy

Marko Dimijetrivic
University of Nis
Panel 1: Digital Legal Tender
Online
Research Spotlight
Professor Marko Dimijetrivic is a monetary law and policy expert at the University of Nis. His research examines the legal foundations of monetary systems and their adaptation to digital currencies.
Keywords: Monetary Law, Legal Tender, Digital Currency Policy

Helmut Elsinger
Austrian National Bank (OeNB)
Roundtable 2: Charting the Course
Research Spotlight
Dr. Helmut Elsinger is a financial stability expert at the Austrian National Bank. His work focuses on stress-testing methodologies and the implications of digital currencies for financial stability.
Keywords: Financial Stability, Stress Testing, Central Banking

Miguel Fernandez Ordoñez
Former Bank of Spain Governor
Roundtable 2: Charting the Course
Research Spotlight
Dr. Miguel Fernandez Ordoñez is an economist and former Governor of the Bank of Spain. He brings extensive practical experience in monetary policy and central banking to discussions on the future of digital currencies.
Keywords: Monetary Policy, Central Banking, Euro System

Gérardine Goh Escolar
Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH)
Roundtable 2: Charting the Course (Chair) & Closing Keynote
Research Spotlight
Dr. Gérardine Goh Escolar is Deputy Secretary General of the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH) and head of the International Commercial, Digital and Financial Law (CODIFI) Division. Her work focuses on Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), Digital Tokens, and private international law implications related to the digital economy.
Keywords: Private International Law, CBDC, Digital Economy, Carbon Markets

Geoffrey Goodell
University College London (UCL)
Panel 2: Technological Challenges
Research Spotlight
Dr Geoffrey Goodell is a lecturer at University College London who studies socio-technical systems in financial services. His research contributes to knowledge and policy at the intersection of finance, technology, and regulation.
Keywords: Payment Systems, Digital currencies, Decentralised Systems.

Christos Gortsos
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens & EBI
Roundtable 1 (Chair) & Panel 1
Research Spotlight
Professor Christos Gortsos is a distinguished financial, banking, and capital markets law scholar at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He serves as Chair of the EBI Academic Board and focuses on the legal framework for banking supervision and monetary policy about digital currencies.
Keywords: Banking Law, Financial Regulation, Monetary Policy, Banking Union

Seraina Grünewald
University of St. Gallen & EBI
Panel 1 & Panel 3 (Chair)
Research Spotlight
Professor Seraina Grünewald specialises in financial market law and regulation at the University of St. Gallen. Her research focuses on the regulatory challenges of digital currencies and their integration into existing legal frameworks.
Keywords: Financial Market Law, Regulation, Monetary Law

Christos Hadjiemmanuil
University of Piraeus & LSE & EBI
Panel 3: Balancing Innovation and Oversight
Research Spotlight
Professor Christos Hadjiemmanuil specialises in banking law, financial regulation, and central banking at the University of Piraeus and the London School of Economics. His work examines the legal challenges in balancing innovation with regulatory oversight in digital currencies.
Keywords: Banking Law, Financial Regulation, Central Banking

Teresa Rodríguez de Las Heras Ballel
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M)
Panel 4: Global Regulatory Coordination
Research Spotlight
Professor Teresa Rodríguez de Las Heras Ballel specialises in commercial law, law and technology, and international transactions at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Her research focuses on the digital transformation of markets and platforms, emphasising digital currencies' legal implications for international commerce.
Keywords: Commercial Law, Digital Platforms, International Transactions

Bart Joosen
University of Leiden & EBI
Panel 3: Balancing Innovation and Oversight
Research Spotlight
Professor Bart Joosen is an authority on prudential supervision law and financial markets regulation at the University of Leiden and the European Banking Institute. His work examines the regulatory challenges of integrating digital currencies into the existing prudential framework.
Keywords: Prudential Supervision, Financial Regulation, Banking Regulation

Caroline Kleiner
Paris Cité University
Roundtable 1: Redefining Money
Online
Research Spotlight
Professor Caroline Kleiner specialises in international private law and its application to financial markets at Paris Cité University. Her research explores the legal frameworks necessary for cross-border digital currency transactions.
Keywords: International Private Law, Cross-Border Transactions, Digital Finance

Shuji Kobayakawa
Meiji University
Panel 4: Global Regulatory Coordination
Research Spotlight
Professor Shuji Kobayakawa is a monetary economics and financial systems expert at Meiji University. Previously working at the Bank of Japan, he brings extensive experience in international financial cooperation and the Japanese perspective on digital currencies.
Keywords: Monetary Economics, Financial Systems, Central Banking

Rosa Maria Lastra
Queen Mary University of London & EBI
Roundtable 1: Redefining Money
Online
Research Spotlight
Professor Rosa Maria Lastra is an internationally recognised expert in international financial and monetary law at Queen Mary University of London. Her research focuses on central bank digital currencies and their implications for monetary sovereignty and financial stability.
Keywords: International Financial Law, Monetary Law, CBDC, Financial Stability

Mauro Lombardi
BABEL & University of Florence
Panel 2: Technological Challenges
Research Spotlight
Professor Mauro Lombardi focuses on digital economics, technological innovation, Artificial Intelligence and decision-making processes at the University of Florence. In March 2019, he co-founded the BABEL research group at the Department of Economics and Management. His work explores the technological foundations of digital currencies and their economic implications.
Keywords: Digital Economics, Technological Innovation, Economic Systems

Marcello Miccoli
International Monetary Fund
Roundtable 2: Charting the Course
Online
Research Spotlight
Dr. Marcello Miccoli is an expert in international financial systems at the International Monetary Fund. His work focuses on the global implications of digital currencies for monetary policy and financial stability from an IMF perspective.
Keywords: International Financial Systems, Monetary Policy, Global Financial Stability

Bitange Ndemo
Republic of Kenya Ambassador
Roundtable 2: Charting the Course
Online
Research Spotlight
Professor Bitange Ndemo is the Ambassador of the Republic of Kenya and former Permanent Secretary of Kenya's Ministry of Information and Communication. His work focuses on digital transformation in emerging economies and the potential of digital currencies for financial inclusion in Africa.
Keywords: Digital Transformation, Emerging Economies, Financial Inclusion

Franklin Noll
Kansas City Fed
Roundtable 1: Redefining Money
Online
Research Spotlight
Dr. Franklin Noll is a monetary historian and researcher with the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. His work examines the historical evolution of money and payment systems, providing valuable context for understanding current digital currency developments.
Keywords: Monetary History, Payment Systems, Currency Evolution

Sebastian Omlor
University of Marburg
Roundtable 1: Redefining Money
Research Spotlight
Professor Sebastian Omlor specialises in German civil law and private commercial law across German and European contexts, focusing on banking and capital market regulation. His research at the University of Marburg examines the intersection of traditional legal frameworks and emerging technological challenges in digital currencies.
Keywords: Civil Law, Commercial Law, Banking Regulation, Capital Markets

Reyes Palá Laguna
University of Zaragoza
Panel 3: Balancing Innovation and Oversight
Research Spotlight
Professor Reyes Palá Laguna is an expert in financial market regulation and corporate governance at the University of Zaragoza. Her research focuses on the Spanish and European regulatory approaches to digital financial innovation.
Keywords: Financial Market Regulation, Corporate Governance, Digital Finance

Panagiotis Papapaschalis
European Central Bank
Roundtable 2: Charting the Course
Research Spotlight
Mr. Panagiotis Papapaschalis specialises in CBDCs, cybersecurity, FMI law, and central bank/banking law. At the European Central Bank, his work focuses on developing the digital euro and its implications for monetary policy and financial stability in the eurozone.
Keywords: Digital Euro, Monetary Policy, ECB, Financial Stability

César Pérez-Chirinos Sanz
Bank of Spain
Panel 2: Technological Challenges
Research Spotlight
Dr. César Pérez-Chirinos Sanz is a specialist in financial technology and digital payments at the Bank of Spain. His research examines the technological infrastructure required for central bank digital currencies and their integration with existing payment systems.
Keywords: Financial Technology, Digital Payments, CBDC Infrastructure

Christian Pfister
LÉO, Université d'Orleans
Panel 1: Digital Legal Tender
Research Spotlight
Dr. Christian Pfister is an expert in monetary economics and central banking at the Université d'Orléans. Having worked previously at the Banque de France, his research focuses on the implications of central bank digital currencies for monetary policy transmission and financial intermediation.
Keywords: Monetary Economics, Central Banking, CBDC, Financial Intermediation

Ruth Plato-Shinar
Netanya Academic College & EBI
Roundtable 1: Redefining Money
Research Spotlight
Professor Ruth Plato-Shinar specialises in banking law and regulation at Netanya Academic College. Her research examines the legal frameworks for digital currencies and their implications for consumer protection and financial stability.
Keywords: Banking Law, Consumer Protection, Financial Regulation

Poonam Puri
York University
Panel 4: Global Regulatory Coordination
Research Spotlight
Professor Poonam Puri is an internationally recognised expert in corporate governance, corporate law, and securities regulation at York University. Her work examines regulatory frameworks for financial innovation and the governance implications of digital currencies.
Keywords: Corporate Governance, Securities Regulation, Financial Innovation

Arthur Rossi
Saudi Central Bank
Roundtable 2: Charting the Course
Research Spotlight
Dr. Arthur Rossi is a banking expert working on financial innovation at a G-20 Central Bank. His work focuses on the implications of digital currencies for Islamic finance and the Middle Eastern financial system.
Keywords: Islamic Finance, Middle Eastern Financial Systems, Banking Innovation

Deepankar Roy
National Institute of Bank Management
Panel 4: Global Regulatory Coordination
Research Spotlight
Professor Deepankar Roy is an authority on fintech, digital payment systems and blockchain technology at the National Institute of Bank Management (NIBM). NIBM is an institute established by the Reserve Bank of India (India’s Central Bank). His research focuses on the potential of central bank digital currencies to promote financial inclusion in emerging economies and look at operational risks associated with crypto-assets.
Keywords: Digital Currencies, Blockchain Technology, Financial Inclusion, FinTech

Jürgen Schaaf
European Central Bank
Panel 4: Global Regulatory Coordination
Research Spotlight
Dr. Jürgen Schaaf is an advisor at the European Central Bank, focusing on digital currencies, payment innovations, and their implications for monetary policy and financial stability. His work provides insights into the ECB's approach to regulating digital currencies.
Keywords: Digital Currencies, Payment Innovation, ECB, Monetary Policy

Sandra Švaljek
Croatian National Bank (HNB) Deputy Governor
Roundtable 2: Charting the Course
Research Spotlight
Dr. Sandra Švaljek is the Deputy Governor of the Croatian National Bank with expertise in monetary policy and market operations. Her work on digital currencies include examining the implications of digital currencies on monetary policymaking and issues related to the introduction of digital currencies for small European economies and new eurozone members.
Keywords: Monetary Policy, Financial Stability, European Integration

Claudio J. Tessone
University of Zurich
Panel 2: Technological Challenges
Research Spotlight
Professor Claudio J. Tessone is an expert in complex systems and blockchain economics at the University of Zurich. His research applies statistical physics and network science methods to understand the behaviour and stability of decentralised currency systems.
Keywords: Complex Systems, Blockchain Economics, Network Science

Vincenzo Vespri
University of Florence
Panel 2: Technological Challenges (Chair)
Research Spotlight
Professor Vincenzo Vespri is a distinguished mathematician and computer scientist at the University of Florence. His research includes cryptography, computational mathematics, and security aspects of digital technologies, providing important insights into the technological foundations of digital currencies.
Keywords: Cryptography, Computational Mathematics, Digital Security

Marino Vollenweider
Bank for International Settlements
Roundtable 2: Charting the Course
Research Spotlight
Dr. Marino Vollenweider is an expert in international banking regulation at the Bank for International Settlements. His work focuses on developing global standards for digital currencies and their implications for financial stability and cross-border payments.
Keywords: International Banking Regulation, Global Standards, Cross-Border Payments

Heng Wang
Singapore Management University (SMU)
Panel 1: Digital Legal Tender
Online
Research Spotlight
Professor Heng Wang is a specialist in the governance of digitalisation (e.g., digital currency and AI) at Singapore Management University. His research examines the governance and regulation of digital transformation and their implications for the public and private sectors.
Keywords: International Economic Law, Digital Currency, Regulation and Governance, AI

Rolf H. Weber
University of Zurich
Roundtable 1: Redefining Money
Research Spotlight
Professor Rolf H. Weber is a renowned international business law and internet law expert at the University of Zurich. His research examines the legal challenges of digital finance and the regulatory frameworks necessary for digital currencies to function globally.
Keywords: International Business Law, Internet Law, Digital Finance

Dirk Zetzsche
Université du Luxembourg & EBI
Roundtable 1: Redefining Money
Research Spotlight
Professor Dirk Zetzsche specialises in financial law and regulation at the University of Luxembourg. His research focuses on the regulatory approaches to financial technology and digital currencies, emphasising European frameworks.
Keywords: Financial Law, Financial Technology, European Regulation

Filippo Zatti
University of Florence – BABEL & EBI
Panel 1: Digital Legal Tender (Chair)
Research Spotlight
Filippo Zatti is an Economic Law professor at the University of Florence and a fellow of the European Banking Institute. He co-founded BABEL, a blockchain and AI research unit at the Department of Economics and Management, in March 2019, and has served as its scientific coordinator since. Professor Zatti's research examines legal challenges in blockchain technology adoption within the financial sector, digital asset regulation, and central bank digital currencies, with particular focus on their implications for legal tender, monetary policy, and financial stability. He recently co-edited 'Digital Assets and the Law: Fiat Money in the Era of Digital Currency' for Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Law Series.
Keywords: Banking Law, Financial Regulation, CBDC, Cryptocurrency